Symbolism in the identity of Athens

King Cecrops I founded the city and declared that its name would be chosen based on the offerings of those who wished to be its protector. Poseidon presented a horse, symbolizing war, and a saltwater spring, representing navigation and trade. In contrast, Athena offered an olive tree, symbolizing peace and civilization. As the most valuable gift, the olive tree secured Athena’s place as the city's protector.

The importance of people's names and naming cities has passed down through time. This is how "consecrating a city with the name of a goddess like Athena is quite a declaration of principles", as Nikolas Stanotas, student of History, assures. Athena is the goddess of intelligence, military strategy, and protection of the city in times of war; at the same time, she is the civilizing goddess through the technical teachings she offered to humans on agriculture, the art of navigation, textile art, ceramics, etc. 

Our current idea of democracy is linked to the myth of the “Origin of Athens”. As Stanotas says, “this myth contains numerous symbolic elements and references that remain relevant in contemporary society”. Athena influenced the citizens' behavior as they developed a dedication to rational governance and faith in the ability to make wise decisions, which are still relevant in contemporary democratic systems and are reflected in their choice of Athena as the city's patron saint. 

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The rivalry between the gods highlights the need to balance military power and wisdom or intelligence in politics and society. The olive tree is still a symbol of resilience and cultural identity, apart from being a symbol of prosperity and sustainability. “Athena has shaped Western thought on good governance and citizen participation”, as Stanotas affirms. 

Nowadays, myths continue to shape our understanding of the world: they are the basis of our beliefs, and they unconsciously influence our values, institutions, and even political systems. The “Origin of Athens” is a clear example. This city was founded to become a place of knowledge, arts, and democracy. Choosing Athena reflects the prioritization of intelligence and progress over domination and war.